KHATMI(Root)
Khatmiconsists of the root of Althma officinalis Linn. (Fam. Malvacem) a perennial, uniformly downy herb, occurring in Kashmir region.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Khatmi
Assamese : —
Bengali : —
English : Marsh Mallow
Gujrati : —
Hindi : Khatmi
Kannada : —
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : —
Marathi : Khatmi
Oriya : —
Punjabi : —
Tamil : Khatmi
Telugu : Khatmi
Urdu : Aslua Khitmi, Reshah-e-Khatmi
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Roots 0.2 to 3 cm in diameter, light brown in colour, strongly longitudinally furrowed, often spirally twisted; fracture, short, texture rough, internally yellowish white; odour, pleasant; taste, sweet and mucilaginous.
b) Microscopic
T.S. root circular in outline; cork 8 to 12 cells broad, radially arranged flattened cells; cortex broad, loosely arranged, parenchymatous, cells filled with mucilage; small patches of lignified fibres present; large number of schizogenous and lysigenous mucilage canals present; phloem well developed consisting of sieve tubes, companion cells and phloem parenchyma filled with mucilage; cambium 2 to 3 celled, xylem diffuse porous, made up of vessels, tracheids, fibres, and tracheidal fibres, vessels mostly solitary – filled with tyloses at some places, medullary rays 3 to 5 cells deep; rosette crystals of calcium oxalate present in cortical, phloem and xylem region; cells contain mucilage, stained red with 1% ruthenium red, and deep yellow with potassium hydroxide solution; most of the parenchymatous cells contain starch grains, polygonal to rounded, 5 to 20 nm, most grains less than 12 nm in diameter, simple, hilum circular or a 2 to 5 rayed cleft lamellm indistinct.
Powder – Powder white to light yellow, sweet in taste; under the microscope numerous fragments of parenchyma, the cells containing mucilage and starch grains polygonal to rounded, 5-20 nm, most grains less than 12 nm in diameter, simple, hilum circular or a 2-5 rayed cleft lamellm indistinct; occasionally small rosette crystals of calcium oxalate, group of sclerenchymatous cells, vessels measuring 113 to 262 nm long, fibres measuring 519 to 1038 nm long and 9 to 19 nm broad; mucilaginous canals; when treated with 50% HNO3 turns yellowish-orange and emits yellow fluorescence under UV 254 nm; with 50% KOH, it emits light yellow fluorescence under UV 254 nm, while with 1 N-NaOH in methanol orangeish brown colour is seen in day light.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Moisture content Not more than 8 per cent, Appendix 2.2.9.
Total ash Not more than 7 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid insoluble ash Not less than 1.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol soluble extractive Not less than 8 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water soluble extractive Not less than 21 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of the methanolic extract on precoated silica gel ‘G’ plate (0.2 mm thick) using toluene : ethyl acetate : methanol (80 : 20 : 0.05) shows under UV (366 nm) fluorescent zones at Rf. 0.12, 0.27, 0.33, 0.82. On spraying with anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid and heating for ten minutes at 120oC, shows spots at Rf. 0.12, 0.18, 0.43, 0.47, 0.69 and 0.82.
CONSTITUENTS – Galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, xylose & rhamnose,polysaccharide althma mucilage-O, asparaginene, betaine, lecithin and phytosterol, polysaccharides.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Madhura
Guna : Guru, Picchila, Snigdha
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Madhura
Karma : Mutrala, Pittahara, Vatahara, Vedanasthapana, Slesmasaraka, Kaphaghna
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Gojihvadi Kvatha Curna
THERAPEUTIC USES – Mutradaha, Daha, Kasa, Mutrakrcchra, Pratisyaya, Raktapitta, Mutrasayasotha, Kantharoga, Antrasotha
DOSE – 3 -6 g.
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